Principles in construction and installation of civil electrical systems

When  installing the electrical system in the house, it is necessary to ensure the principles of not only  safety but also ensuring the aesthetics of the house. In this article, WEDO sends you some principles in constructing and installing indoor electrical systems to ensure safety for users.

1. Principles for installing electrical lines in the house:

When installing electrical lines in the house, absolutely do not use bare wires but must use good quality insulated wires. The size (cross-section) of the electric wire is chosen so that it has enough capacity to carry current to the electrical devices it supplies. Do not use conductors with small cross-sections on electrical tools with too large a capacity to avoid causing house fires, causing damage, avoiding having to repair the electricity while it is in use.

When wiring indoors, they are often placed on ceramic clamps, ceramic pulleys or threaded in protective tubes, which are usually made of plastic. The distance between two ceramic clamps or two adjacent ceramic pulleys should not be too large, ensuring that the distance between the conductor and the architectural object (wall, ceiling, etc.) is not less than 10 mm.

Ensure the principle that when connecting electrical wires, they must be staggered and have insulating tape wrapped around the outside of the connection (especially double wires).

To ensure safety and avoid electrical leakage, electrical wires passing through walls and roofs must be placed in protective ceramic tubes. Do not let rainwater accumulate in the pipes or flow down the pipes into the house. The distance from the insulators supporting the ends of the electrical wires entering the house to the roof must not be less than 2m.

In an emergency, for the most convenience, the circuit breaker and switch must be placed in an easy-to-operate position, with no objects underneath, and the location must be spacious and well-lit, ensuring it can be closed when necessary. Power cuts are quick and timely. Electric circuit breakers and electrical switches are often installed on small wooden boards, and are tightly bolted to the wall or pillar of the house. The most reasonable position to mount the wooden board is about 1.5 m above the ground. Electrical circuit breakers and switches must have safety covers. The cover helps prevent electrical accidents when accidentally touched and avoids electric arc rays emitted when closing or cutting off the power.

All lines must have safety protection devices against short circuit, fire, explosion, electric shock, etc. The fuse wire of the protective fuse must be suitable for the capacity used to ensure that when there is a short circuit, the fuse wire must explode, cutting off the circuit (remember that the fuse wire is not to protect people from electric shock). The fuse wire must be installed according to prescribed standards. For example, in a single-phase circuit (1 hot wire and 1 cold wire), the fuse must be placed on the hot wire. If both wires are hot wires (2 phase wires), fuses must be placed on both wires.

We recommend that families in damp places, especially in the bathroom, do not place electrical sockets, switches, or pull electric wires through this place. For bathrooms, the safest place to place the power switch is on the outside of the door, next to the door frame on the side without hinges.

Damaged circuit breakers, switches, and electrical sockets must be replaced immediately, because otherwise, people can easily touch conductive parts.

It is extremely dangerous for children to be near electrical sources, so it is necessary to explain and educate children to understand and not to put metal wires, iron nails or put their fingers into electrical sockets.

The principle of electrical safety is to never close or cut circuit breakers, switches, etc. when your hands are still wet because water in your hands can flow into the electrical parts in the circuit breakers, switches, and will transmit electricity. person being electrocuted.

In case the electricity in the house is broken, if the broken part is above the galvanometer, you must notify a reputable electrical and water repair company to repair it. Absolutely do not call outsiders who are not electrical workers. If the damaged part is behind the galvanometer, you must cut off the main circuit breaker before repairing the damaged part.

It is only allowed to use electrical equipment and electrical tools that have been grounded or connected without safety protection.

2. Ground and ground electrical equipment

Grounding and grounding of electrical equipment will ensure safety for users when there is an electrical detection phenomenon, so it is necessary to perform good grounding. The electrical repair service has repaired many times at customers’ homes but there was no grounding, so we have advised and advised customers on grounding electrical equipment.

– Protective grounding is using an electric wire to connect the metal shell of electrical equipment when there is no electricity normally with a grounding object made of iron or steel buried underground.

– Protective grounding is applied in a 3-phase network with an isolated neutral, which has the effect of causing the current when touching the shell – due to a broken insulation layer (1-phase short circuit), to be transmitted to ground through the connecting conductor. Connect the device casing to the grounded object. When touching such a device shell, the human body will be considered to be connected in parallel with a grounded object with very small resistance, thus reducing the value of the current passing through the body so it is no longer dangerous.

Above are some principles in electrical installation and electricity use that families need to pay attention to to ensure safety during use. Avoid unfortunate incidents.